Difference between revisions of "Halloumi"

Revision as of 10:02, 1 May 2018

Halloumi Template:IPAc-en (Template:Lang-el) or hellim<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> (Turkish) is a semi-hard, unripened, brined cheese made from a mixture of goat's and sheep's milk, and sometimes also cow's milk.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It has a high melting point and so can easily be fried or grilled. Rennet is used to curdle the milk in halloumi production<ref name=CFVM>Template:Cite web</ref>, although no acid-producing bacteria are used in its preparation.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Halloumi is popular throughout the region broadly known as the Levant.<ref name="Robinson, R. K. – Tamime, A. Y. 1991 144">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Demand in the United Kingdom had surpassed every other European country, except Cyprus, by 2013.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Etymology

Template:Wiktionary The name "halloumi" is derived from the Egyptian Arabic, itself a loanword from Coptic Template:Lang Template:Transl (Sahidic) and Template:Lang Template:Transl (Bohairic) 'cheese', referring to a cheese that was eaten in medieval Egypt.<ref>Andriotis et al., Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής</ref><ref name='papademas'>P. Papademas, "Halloumi Cheese", p. 117ff, in Adnan Tamime, ed., Brined Cheeses in the Society of Dairy Technology series, Blackwell 2006, Template:ISBN</ref> In modern Egypt, hâlûmi is similar to Cypriot "halloumi" but is essentially a different cheese,Template:Clarify is eaten either fresh or brined and spiced.

By country/region

Cyprus

Halloumi cheese originated in Cyprus<ref name="Robinson, R. K. – Tamime, A. Y. 1991 144"/> in the Medieval Byzantine period (AD 395 – 1191),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and was subsequently eaten throughout the Middle East. Cypriot famers relied on Halloumi as a source of protein and in many villages the entire community would join forces and make huge batches together. Recipes varied from village to village, with each taking great pride in their special technique and secret ingredients. Halloumi became so important to village life that even the surnames of many Cypriot families reflect their role in Halloumi production, with names such as Hallumas, Halluma and Hallumakis common by the 19th century.

The cheese is white, with a distinctive layered texture, similar to mozzarella and has a salty flavour. It is stored in its natural juices. It must be garnished with mint, a practice based on the fact that halloumi keeps better and stays fresher and more flavoursome when wrapped with mint leaves.Template:Citation needed In accordance with this tradition, all packages of halloumi contain fragments of mint leaves on the surface of the cheese.

The cheese is often used in cooking and can be fried until brown without melting, owing to its higher-than-normal melting point. This makes it an excellent cheese for frying or grilling (like for saganaki) or fried and served with vegetables, or as an ingredient in salads. Cypriots like eating halloumi with watermelon in the warm months, and as halloumi and lountza, a combination of halloumi cheese and either a slice of smoked pork, or a soft lamb sausage.Template:Citation needed

The resistance to melting comes from the fresh curd being heated before being shaped and placed in brine.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Traditional halloumi is a semicircular shape, about the size of a large wallet, weighing 220–270 g. The fat content is approximately 25% wet weight, 47% dry weight with about 17% protein. Its firm texture when cooked causes it to squeak on the teeth when being chewed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Traditional halloumi is made from unpasteurised sheep and goat milk. Many people also like halloumi that has been aged; kept in its brine, it is much drier, much stronger and much saltier, making it very different from the milder halloumi generally used in the West.

Halloumi is registered as a protected Cypriot product within the United States (since the 1990s) but not yet in the European Union. The delay in registering the name halloumi with the EU has been largely due to a conflict between dairy producers and sheep and goat farmers as to whether registered halloumi may contain cow’s milk, and how much.<ref>Application for the name ‘halloumi’ to go to EU in early 2007, Cyprus Mail archive article - Saturday, September 2, 2006 Template:Cite web </ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Most Cypriots agree that, traditionally, halloumi was made from sheep and goat milk, since there were few cows on the island until they were brought over by the British in the 20th century. But as demand grew, industrial cheese-makers began using more of the cheaper and more-plentiful cow's milk.<ref>In Cyprus, New Cheese Edict Gets the Goat of Dairy Farmers Wall Street Journal - October 11, 2012</ref>

Middle East

Halloumi is regularly consumed in many parts of the Levant such as Lebanon, Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Israel, Egypt and Iraq. It is a traditional component of the Levantine breakfast, eaten either fresh or fried, along with other dishes such as hummus, falafel, and khubz. Halloumi cheese is very similar to Nablusi cheese, named after Nablus, Palestine, its city of origin. Some believe that Halloumi cheese is of Levantine creation, due to its similarity to Nablusi cheese and the region's long history of consuming Halloumi cheese. Halloumi in Israel is sometimes fried in olive oil and served for breakfast and served with meze. It is also eaten with fish.

Nutritional facts

100 grams of commercially produced packaged halloumi has a typical composition of:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

See also

• Fried cheese
• Leipäjuusto
• List of cheeses
• List of stretch-cured cheeses
• Queijo coalho
• Saganaki

References

Template:Reflist

External links

• Template:Commonscat-inline

Template:Cuisine of Cyprus Template:Cuisine of Lebanon Template:Turkish cheeses Template:African cuisine